Diplomacy and interstate border conflict management between South Africa and Zimbabwe: a case of Beitbridge border posts

Abstract

The study sought to examine the current border management framework in Zimbabwe and how it impacts on the detection and prevention of human security abuses. Beitbridge Border Posts was selected as a case study based on the number of cases of cross border conflict management reported as well as the large volumes of human and vehicular traffic they handle. ZIMRA, PHI, Department of Immigration and ZRP Border Control Unit were studied since they are found at all official border posts in Zimbabwe. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed in the study. A sample of sixty-seven (67) non-managerial staff was subjected to questionnaires while forty-five (45) managers/supervisors, one hundred (100) cross-border transport operators and forty (40) borderland populace were selected for interviews. Documentary review was also done to determine the nature of border management in Zimbabwe. Data was simultaneously analyzed and interpreted in line with the study objectives. The study revealed that Zimbabwe’s border management framework is fragmented with departments operating independently of each other. As a result, there is no proper information exchange mechanism. Agencies lack capacity in terms of equipment and training to deal with cross border conflicts or human security abuse. This study recommends that a single Border Management Authority be established for the coordination of all agencies. Policy should also be formulated that clearly directs how the agencies should operate. The prevention of human security abuses should be a role for all the agencies. Further, it is recommended that specific joint training programmes be designed for new and existing border officials supported by the acquisition of modern border control equipment. It is also recommended that an Anti-Corruption Strategy be incorporated into the framework to reduce opportunities for bribery of border officials. Finally, further research is recommended in corruption management xv at border posts, the role of the community as well as international cooperation in the prevention of border conflicts and human security abuses.