BUSE Institutional Repository

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Theses and Dissertations completed by BUSE graduate students

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 9

Recent Submissions

Access status: Open Access ,
Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Analysis of Miconazole Nitrate, Hydrocortisone and Chlorocresol in a Pharmaceutical Topical Cream by Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
(Wiley, 2026-12-10) Mukaratirwa‐Muchanyereyi, Netai; Chihiya, Pretty; Nyoni, Stephen
Miconazole/Hydrocortisone (HCA) cream is a pharmaceutical formulation developed as a combination of three major components (HCA, miconazole nitrate [MCN] and chlorocresol [CHL]). In some instances, reference monographs used for referencing the quantification of pharmaceutical molecules focus on individual analysis of molecules. Therefore, there is need to develop, optimize and validate methods that simultaneously separate constituents of a combined formulation. In this study, a method for the separation of HCA, MCN and CHL in miconazole/HCA cream was developed by investigating the effect of mobile phase, stationary phase, wavelength and gradient program on the separation of HCA, MCN and CHL in miconazole/HCA cream. A 10 mM ammonium acetate (AAC) buffer pH 5.0 was used. Acetonitrile was used as the organic modifier. An injection volume of 10 μL was used on a C18, 15 cm × 4.6 mm Zorbax. The optimum conditions for reverse phase liquid chromatography were obtained as follows: injection volume (10 μL), column temperature (30◦C), flow rate (1 mL/min), gradient elution program: 0 min, 60AAC:40ACN; 4 min, 60AAC:40ACN; 9 min, 5AAC:95ACN; 13 min, 5AAC:95ACN using a C18 stationary phase, UV detector, 5 μm stationary phase pore size and post run of 3 min
Access status: Open Access ,
A systematic review on health systems integrated approach towards elimination of HIV, syphilis and viral hepatitis as public health threats in sub-Saharan Africa
(Pan African Medical Center for Public Information and Research (PAMJ-CEPHRI), 2026-04-14) Handireketi, Newten; Pisirai, Ndarukwa; Mindu, Tafadzwa; Chimbari, Moses John
Health systems (HSs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face significant challenges. Integrated HSs approach has been considered a feasible option for eliminating HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B (triple elimination). We performed a systematic review to determine the extent of utilisation of the integrated HSs approach towards triple elimination in SSA countries. We registered the systematic review protocol on PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251011221). We adopted Arksey and O'Malley's review methodology framework for article searching on databases: Medline (using PubMed interface), EMBASE and EBSCOHOST. Studies published from March 2015 to March 2025 were assessed by two reviewers independently. Joanna Briggs' checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Thematic analysis was performed, and results were reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement. A total of 533 studies were identified from databases. Eighteen studies were fully reviewed. Five themes were developed: Effectiveness of HSs integration, Barriers to HSs integration, Facilitators for HSs integrated approach on triple elimination, Improved case detection, and Recommendations to HSs integration. All themes but one were developed from sub-themes that were built around six blocks of the health systems, according to the World Health Organization. Progress in the integrated approach exists. A fully integrated HSs approach for triple elimination remains unmet in SSA. Facilitators and barriers within the WHO's HSs building blocks can work for or against an integrated approach towards triple elimination, offering a roadmap for future efforts to strengthen HSs. Further enquiry into HSs integrated approach needs to be considered towards triple elimination.
Access status: Open Access ,
Valorization of corn husk waste: Xylooligosaccharides as a sustainable prebiotic enhance growth, gut health, and fillet quality in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Wiley, 2026-03-06) Chikwiramakomo, J.; Gufe, C.; Chari, T.A.; Jambwa, P.; Hamandishe, V.R
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are advantageous prebiotics that promote sustainable aquaculture. The growth performance, gut microbiota, and fillet composition of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated in relation to the prebiotic effects of corn husk-derived XOS, extracted using alkaline extraction and autohydrolysis. Following 2 weeks of acclimatization, 270 fish were split into three groups: control, 0.5% XOS, and 1% XOS, with three replicates per group. For 56 days, fish were fed twice a day. Final weight (83.9 g in 1% XOS vs. 44.5 g in control, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.1) and survival rate (94% in 1% XOS vs. 70% in control, p < 0.001) were both considerably increased by XOS supplementation. The feed conversion ratio dropped significantly from 2.69 (control) to 0.99 (1% XOS, p = 0.003). The nutritional quality of the fillet increased, with calcium levels more than doubling (2.6%–6.7%, p < 0.001) and protein content increasing by 35.6% (14.9% in control to 20.2% in 1% XOS, p < 0.001). A 36-fold increase in lactic acid bacteria (833 CFU/g in 1% XOS vs. 23 CFU/g in the control group, p < 0.05) and a decrease in coliforms were observed in the gut microbiota study, suggesting improved gut health. These results demonstrate that XOS derived from corn husks can serve as a sustainable feed additive improving fillet quality, shaping a favorable gut microbiota, enhancing fish development, and providing a viable substitute for antibiotic growth promoters in aquaculture.
Access status: Open Access ,
The Impact of culture on consumer decision-making for smallholder farmers in Murewa district in Zimbabwe
(Academic Journals, 2022) Nyamukapa, Isheanesu; Kurebwa, Jeffrey
The focus of this study was to understand the impact of culture on consumer decision-making for smallholder farmers in the Murewa district in Zimbabwe. The study relied on a mixed methodology while data were collected using a survey and key informant interviews. This study found that the culture of smallholder farmers has a predictive impact on their consumer decision-making styles. In addition, culture was revealed to be a source of power to cultural gatekeepers who can influence consumer decisions within the smallholder farming community. The study's findings were that smallholder farmers in the Murewa district use four main consumer decision-making styles. These are brand-conscious, novelty-fashion-conscious, recreational-hedonistic, and habitual-brand loyal. The study concluded that the culture of smallholder farmers has a predictive impact on their consumer decision-making styles. These are brand-conscious, novelty-fashion-conscious, recreational-hedonistic, and habitual-brand loyal. The study concluded that the culture of smallholder farmers has a predictive impact on their consumer decision-making styles. In addition, culture was revealed to be a source of power to cultural gatekeepers who can influence consumer decisions within the smallholder farming community. The study recommends that community cultural gatekeepers be used to strengthen consumer education among smallholder farmers to eliminate misinformation by manufacturers
Access status: Open Access ,
Spatial heterogeneity association of HIV incidence with socio-economic factors in Zimbabwe
(2021-07-31) Mavhura, Emmanuel; Chimbari, Moses; Manyangadze, Tawanda
This study examined the spatial heterogeneity association of HIV incidence and socio-economic factors including poverty severity index, permanently employed females and males, unemployed females, percentage of poor households i.e., poverty prevalence, night lights index, literacy rate, household food security, and Gini index at district level in Zimbabwe. A mix of spatial analysis methods including Poisson model based on original log likelihood ratios (LLR), global Moran’s I, local indicator of spatial association - LISA were employed to determine the HIV hotspots. Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) and semi-parametric GWPR (s-GWPR) were used to determine the spatial association between HIV incidence and socio-economic factors. HIV incidence (number of cases per 1000) ranged from 0.6 (Buhera district) to 13.30 (Mangwe district). Spatial clustering of HIV incidence was observed (Global Moran’s I = - 0.150; Z score 3.038; p-value 0.002). Significant clusters of HIV were observed at district level. HIV incidence and its association with socioeconomic factors varied across the districts except percentage of females unemployed. Intervention programmes to reduce HIV incidence should address the identified socio-economic factors at district level.