Actors and their interests in perpetuating armed conflict: the case of Democratic Republic of Congo, 2010-2024

Abstract

The study investigates the factors perpetuating armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), focusing on four objectives: identifying key actors, exploring socio-economic factors, assessing resource exploitation, and evaluating governance effectiveness. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire targeting 34 respondents, and qualitative insights were gathered via semi-structured interviews with 15 key informants, including researchers, government officials, and diplomats. The findings reveal that local and international actors play key roles in sustaining conflict, with strong correlations (r > 0.75) identified between actor dynamics and conflict perpetuation. Regression analysis showed socio-economic disparities and historical grievances significantly predict armed group recruitment and community divisions (p < 0.05). Resource exploitation emerged as a critical driver of violence, supported by qualitative evidence of both local and foreign actors benefiting from resource extraction. Weak governance and corruption were also found to exacerbate instability by hindering conflict resolution efforts. The study integrating quantitative methods, correlation and regression, with qualitative thematic analysis, the study highlights the interconnected nature of economic, political, and social factors in fueling conflict. Practical recommendations for governance reforms, equitable resource management, and inclusive socio-economic policies were provided. The findings emphasize the need for international cooperation and locally driven peacebuilding to address the root causes of conflict in the DRC. Further research is suggested on women’s roles in peacebuilding, regional dynamics, and the long-term socio-economic impacts of conflict.