District health sector preparedness on climate change-induced disasters. A case of Mount Darwin district, Mashonaland Central Province

Abstract

Evidenced by global trends happening climate change-induced disasters are increasingly prevalent, disturbing Africa Southern region and Zimbabwe in particular. Mount Darwin District of Mashonaland Central Province is no exception, facing challenges stemming from the impacts of climate change on health. Within the context of Mount Darwin District, the critical issue lies in the capacity of the local health system to sufficiently prepare for and respond to health crises exacerbated by climate change. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the preparedness of the District Health Sector in Mount Darwin District to handle climate change induced disasters. To achieve that researcher revealed literature from textbooks, journals, and articles aimed at assessing the awareness of public health practitioners regarding climate change-induced disasters and associated health risks. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the initiatives employed by the district health sector to bolster preparedness for climate change-related disasters and health challenges. The study encompassed approximately 257 district health workers, as well as individuals from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) collaborating with the district health staff. The selection of study participants employed convenience sampling for key informants and random stratified sampling for the general population. Various tools such as interview guides for key informants, questionnaires for the general population, and observation checklists to assess resource availability and infrastructure were employed. Findings from the study discovered notable level of knowledge and understanding of climate change among individuals in the health district. The majority of respondents highlighted the frequent occurrence of droughts, heatwaves, veld fires, and cyclones in the district. Reported health risks associated with climate change-induced disasters ranged from drownings and fungal infections to respiratory problems, vector-borne diseases, waterborne illnesses, zoonotic diseases, and mental health challenges. Initiatives introduced by the district health sector, such as the installation of backup systems, resource budget allocations, and training programs, were noted. However, a significant number of respondents stated uncertainty regarding the availability and effectiveness of these initiatives in addressing climate change and health concerns. The study recommended targeted education and training programs, ongoing surveillance of climate change and health risks, prompt reporting of health-related incidents, and proactive engagement strategies to tackle concerns about resource availability within the District Health Sector