‘Farmers’ experiences’ of water crisis: a ‘phenomenological’ study of Ward 13, Gokwe North District, Zimbabwe.

Abstract

Water scarcity is a growing challenge in semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe, threatening agricultural productivity and household food security among smallholder farmers. This study assessed the impact of water scarcity on farming activities in Ward 13, Gokwe North District. A qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews and field observations from farmers in the area. The findings revealed that farmers experience water scarcity through drying boreholes, seasonal rivers, and long hours spent fetching water, which increases physical burden and reduces time for farming. Water shortages have led to low crop yields, frequent failure of maize and cotton, and increased household food insecurity marked by seasonal hunger and reliance on food aid. In response, farmers have adopted coping strategies such as solar powered boreholes, Pfumvudza and mulching for soil moisture conservation, and small dams with water storage tanks for rainwater harvesting. The study implies that addressing water scarcity in Ward 13 requires investment in sustainable water infrastructure, expansion of conservation agriculture practices, and promotion of drought-tolerant crops to enhance resilience and long-term food security.