The Sustainable beef production, genetic improvement and environmental sustainability in Zimbabwe: A case of Mutasa District Ward 7.

Abstract

Beef production remains a critical pillar of Zimbabwe’s agricultural sector, particularly among smallholder farmers in rural regions such as Mutasa District Ward 7. This study assessed the transformative potential of genetic improvement in overcoming these challenges through four specific objectives: evaluating existing beef production practices and their influence on meat quality; examining the environmental impact of traditional systems and the potential of genetic strategies to mitigate these effects; determining the effectiveness of breeding techniques in enhancing productivity and meat quality; and assessing the contribution of sustainable beef production to household food security and livelihoods. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to 92 respondents and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Ordinal Logistic Regression in SPSS Version 29, while qualitative responses were subjected to thematic analysis. Results revealed that traditional beef systems in Ward 7 are marked by uncontrolled grazing, inadequate feeding, and non-selective breeding practices, all of which negatively affect meat quality and environmental sustainability. Significant statistical relationships were observed between breed type and meat quality perceptions (p < 0.05), and between structured management practices and improved carcass traits. Genetically improved cattle, particularly crossbreeds, demonstrated superior growth rates, earlier maturity, and better feed efficiency, thereby reducing ecological pressure and improving pasture regeneration. Households using improved breeds also experienced enhanced food security and income stability. The study concludes that genetic improvement, supported by institutional capacity and farmer education, offers a viable strategy for revitalising communal beef production in Zimbabwe. Policy recommendations include expanding artificial insemination programs, structured breeding, climate-smart grazing, and investment in extension services and research infrastructure.