An assessment of genetic engineering in enhancing maize productivity and addressing food security challenges in Bindura District, Zimbabwe

Abstract

Maize productivity in Zimbabwe remains low, with average yields of 0.8 tons/ha compared to the global average of 5.6 tons/ha. This low productivity is attributed by various factors, including pests, diseases, and climate change. Genetic engineering has been proposed as a potential solution to improve maize productivity and food security in Bindura District, Zimbabwe. This study aimed to assess the impact of genetic engineering on maize productivity and food security challenges in Bindura District, Zimbabwe, and provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and farmers. The study objectives were to determine the significant difference in yield output between genetically engineered maize varieties and conventional varieties, explore the knowledge and attitudes of farmers towards genetically engineered maize, assess the challenges associated with the adoption of genetically engineered maize varieties and determine the potential contribution of genetic engineering to food security in Bindura District. The theoretical framework guiding the study was from Innovation Diffusion Theory developed by Rogers (2023), which explained how new ideas, technologies, or practices are adopted and diffused within a social system. This study used a mixed-methods research approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. A sample of 200 maize farmers was selected for the study using Slovin's formula. Analytical tools used for the study objectives were T-test, KAP analysis, correlation analysis and ANOVA. The study established demographic characteristics which were dominated by females. The study established that genetically engineered (GE) group had a mean yield per hectare of 5.32 with a standard deviation of 2.923, while the conventional group had a mean yield per hectare of 2.58 with a standard deviation of 1.447. This farmer's response indicated that increased knowledge about genetically engineered maize can lead to a more positive attitude towards its adoption. However, some farmers view genetically engineered maize as a profit-driven technology rather than a solution to agricultural challenges. The study concluded that high input cost and market access are major challenges faced by farmers in Bindura District when adopting genetically engineered maize and positively affects adopting genetically engineered maize. The study revealed a moderate positive relationship between genetic engineering and food security variables namely food availability, resistance to pests and diseases, nutritional content and crop yield with an R value of .530. The study recommended government to provide incentives for farmers to adopt GE crops, such as subsidies or tax breaks, to encourage the transition to more productive and sustainable agricultural practices